A systematic review conducted by Cullum et al.(2004) examined to what extent pressure-relieving surfaces reduce the incidence of pressure ulcers compared with standard support surface, and reviewed how effective different pressure-relieving surfaces were in preventing pressure ulcers, compared to one another. It was concluded, from the 41 randomized controlled trials included in the review, that in those at high risk of pressure ulcer, the use of a higher specifition foam mattress (low interface pressure)should be considered rather than the standard hospital foam mattress. Standard hospital mattress have been consistently outperformed by a range of foam-based, low pressure mattresses and overlays, and also by“higher-tech” pressure-relieving beds and mattresses in the prevention of pressure ulcers.
Clients at high risk of developing pressure ulcers may benefit from an alternating pressure mattress or other high-tech pressure redistributing system (Consortium for Spinal Cord Medicine,2000; RCN, 2000). Alternating pressure devices generate alternating high and low interface pressures between the body and support surface (bed), usually by alternate inflation and deflation of air-filled cell. These devices are available as mattress overlays, and single or multi-later mattress replacements. The systematic review conducted by Cullum et al.(2004) indicates the relative merits of higher-tech constant low pressure and alternating pressure for prevention are unclear.