(1) Centralized decisions. Where the manager-in-charge either makes a decision or
solves a problem unilaterally after brief discussions or input from subordinates
or others. (Many researchers refer to this as “authoritarian” decision making, but
it is more accurate to characterize this approach as being unilateral in nature,
and not necessarily autocratic.)
(2) Consultative decisions. Where the manager-in-charge actively seeks advice and
input from subordinates and others (often working together as a team) but still
makes a unilateral decision.
(3) Collaborative decisions. Where the manager-in-charge works closely and interactively
with subordinates and others and seeks a consensual or collective decision in
which everyone has an opportunity to take part.