On the other hand, many Malaysian companies, universities and research institutions are keen on R&D and commercialisation of Jatropha-based products such as biolubricants and biofuel [14,98,100,101]. Further, research regarding the development of an effective method of biodiesel production is ongoing. For example, a novel method using a pulsed loop reactor has been developed for a more effective transesterification reaction of Jatropha crude oil (JCO) to J. curcas methyl ester (biodiesel) [102]. In addition, the nation is concentrating on improving the oil yield per hectare rather than expanding Jatropha plantations due to the disadvantage of high land acquisition cost in the country [14]. For example, ARK Bio Sdn. Bhd. is currently focused on the development of enhanced genetic material for Jatropha to improve oil yield and quality. Further, the high labour cost and high reliance on foreign workers in agricultural works in the country has also encouraged the development of mechanical devices for any agro-based production, including Jatropha production in the country. As a result, R&D expertise in terms of Jatropha and plantation experience can potentially lead the country to be a role model to improve Jatropha cultivation by collaboration programmes with other countries. An example is Kenya where the improvement of seed material and local agronomic knowledge are much required [103].