2. Natural setting means an “undisturbed” and relaxed environment outside of the classroom in which the learners are able to exercise their freedom to use strategies on learning difficult words naturally without any classroom constraints.
3. Texts of differing difficulties are passages selected based on the number of difficult words. It will be analyzed through the used of the word knowledge scale, which will determine the number of unknown words of each selected texts and thus gauge the difficulty level of the texts.
4. Vocabulary proficiency level is the depth of knowledge of vocabulary learners possess. The different proficiency levels means higher and lower proficiency in the vocabulary as classified based on results obtained through the vocabulary level test by Schmitt, Schmitt and Chapham (2001).
5. Students are first-year students studying in Chiang Mai University who voluntarily participate in this observation study.