Anemia has become a focus of clinical and research interest largely du การแปล - Anemia has become a focus of clinical and research interest largely du ไทย วิธีการพูด

Anemia has become a focus of clinic

Anemia has become a focus of clinical and research interest largely due to its high prevalence, interrelationship
with comorbidities, and direct impact on patient health. Guralnik et al.1 found that anemia prevalence (defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a hemoglobin (Hb) level lower than 13 g/dL and 12 g/dL in men and women 15 years, respectively2)rises rapidly after the age of 50, to a rate greater than 20% in persons 85 years. In a study of subjects from three US communities (n¼3946) who were 70 years of age and older, Salive et al.3 found that increased age was significantly and independently associated with both low Hb level and anemia. Although the proportion of anemic persons was equal for men and women aged 71–74 (8.6%), it increased differentially with age, reaching 41% and 21% for men and women aged 90 years, respectively.
The prevalence of anemia in nursing home residents appears more pronounced. In 1980, Kalchthaler and Tan4 reported an overall prevalence of 40% in a population of 161 elderly residents in one long-term care facility. More recently, Artz et al.5 found a 6-month point prevalence of 48% in a population of 900 nursing home residents, with a range of 32–64% among the five facilities studied. Furthermore the hospitalization rate was 129% higher ( p50.05) among anemic versus
non-anemic residents.
The consequences of anemia for the older persons may include significant losses in physical function, strength and mobility, even with small decreases in Hb level6–9. Over time, these declines in physical performance may translate into fatigue, difficulties in performing basic activities of daily living (ADLs), patient dependency, and the need for assistance with ambulation (e.g., cane, walker). Anemia is also closely linked with a number of chronic medical conditions, most notably, chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetes, and cardiovascular (CV) disease. Anemia is seen early
in the course of CKD, with a noticeable decline in Hb concentration seen at creatinine clearance levels of approximately 70 mL/min and 50 mL/min among men and women, respectively10. McClellan et al. found a 48% prevalence of anemia in 5222 pre-dialysis patients11. These authors found that the risk of having anemia decreased with higher GFR values.
For each 10-mL/min/1.73m2 increase in GFR, the odds of having an Hb level 10 and 12 g/dL declined by 46% and 32%, respectively11.
Several studies have demonstrated significantly increased mortality with decreased Hb levels, particularly among patients with CKD, congestive heart failure, diabetes and HIV infection12–16. In residents of a long-term care facility, Kiely et al.16 found a 1.98 greater risk of mortality in anemic women (where anemia was identified from a diagnosis listed in the patient’s Minimal Data Set). For community dwellers in the Netherlands who were aged 85 and older, Izaks et al.12 found that mortality risk was 1.6 times greater in women and 2.29 times greater in men with anemia (WHO definition). De Maria15 found that the combined presence of heart disease and anemia (hemoglobin 11 g/dL) in females was associated with a 3.5 times greater risk of mortality than for nursing home residents without these dual comorbidities.
Studies suggest that anemia may be associated with increased risk of falls. In a study of 362 hospitalized ambulatory older adults, patients who fell during hospitalization were more likely to be anemic than nonanemic (56% vs. 38%, p50.001)17. In one study of older adults (from nursing homes and the community) hospitalized for hip fracture, anemic (WHO definition) was associated with a nearly threefold adjusted increased risk of falls ( p¼0.041)18. Furthermore,
anemic (WHO definition) residents who suffered a hip fracture subsequent to falling were found to be at higher risk for increased length of hospitalization and mortality19.
The objectives of the current study were twofold. The first objective was to investigate the prevalence
of anemia in a population of nursing home residents in the US and to study its relationship with key resident characteristics and medical conditions. Although anemia in the nursing home population has been investigated earlier, no study to date has investigated both its prevalence and its relationship with potential predictive patient characteristics or comorbidities.
Second, this study explored whether the association between anemia and falls found in the Dharmarajan et al. studies of hospitalized hip fracture patients18 and older patients hospitalized for acute care17 also applied to a population of general nursing home residents.
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ผลลัพธ์ (ไทย) 1: [สำเนา]
คัดลอก!
Anemia has become a focus of clinical and research interest largely due to its high prevalence, interrelationshipwith comorbidities, and direct impact on patient health. Guralnik et al.1 found that anemia prevalence (defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a hemoglobin (Hb) level lower than 13 g/dL and 12 g/dL in men and women 15 years, respectively2)rises rapidly after the age of 50, to a rate greater than 20% in persons 85 years. In a study of subjects from three US communities (n¼3946) who were 70 years of age and older, Salive et al.3 found that increased age was significantly and independently associated with both low Hb level and anemia. Although the proportion of anemic persons was equal for men and women aged 71–74 (8.6%), it increased differentially with age, reaching 41% and 21% for men and women aged 90 years, respectively. The prevalence of anemia in nursing home residents appears more pronounced. In 1980, Kalchthaler and Tan4 reported an overall prevalence of 40% in a population of 161 elderly residents in one long-term care facility. More recently, Artz et al.5 found a 6-month point prevalence of 48% in a population of 900 nursing home residents, with a range of 32–64% among the five facilities studied. Furthermore the hospitalization rate was 129% higher ( p50.05) among anemic versusnon-anemic residents. The consequences of anemia for the older persons may include significant losses in physical function, strength and mobility, even with small decreases in Hb level6–9. Over time, these declines in physical performance may translate into fatigue, difficulties in performing basic activities of daily living (ADLs), patient dependency, and the need for assistance with ambulation (e.g., cane, walker). Anemia is also closely linked with a number of chronic medical conditions, most notably, chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetes, and cardiovascular (CV) disease. Anemia is seen earlyin the course of CKD, with a noticeable decline in Hb concentration seen at creatinine clearance levels of approximately 70 mL/min and 50 mL/min among men and women, respectively10. McClellan et al. found a 48% prevalence of anemia in 5222 pre-dialysis patients11. These authors found that the risk of having anemia decreased with higher GFR values.For each 10-mL/min/1.73m2 increase in GFR, the odds of having an Hb level 10 and 12 g/dL declined by 46% and 32%, respectively11. Several studies have demonstrated significantly increased mortality with decreased Hb levels, particularly among patients with CKD, congestive heart failure, diabetes and HIV infection12–16. In residents of a long-term care facility, Kiely et al.16 found a 1.98 greater risk of mortality in anemic women (where anemia was identified from a diagnosis listed in the patient’s Minimal Data Set). For community dwellers in the Netherlands who were aged 85 and older, Izaks et al.12 found that mortality risk was 1.6 times greater in women and 2.29 times greater in men with anemia (WHO definition). De Maria15 found that the combined presence of heart disease and anemia (hemoglobin 11 g/dL) in females was associated with a 3.5 times greater risk of mortality than for nursing home residents without these dual comorbidities. Studies suggest that anemia may be associated with increased risk of falls. In a study of 362 hospitalized ambulatory older adults, patients who fell during hospitalization were more likely to be anemic than nonanemic (56% vs. 38%, p50.001)17. In one study of older adults (from nursing homes and the community) hospitalized for hip fracture, anemic (WHO definition) was associated with a nearly threefold adjusted increased risk of falls ( p¼0.041)18. Furthermore,anemic (WHO definition) residents who suffered a hip fracture subsequent to falling were found to be at higher risk for increased length of hospitalization and mortality19. The objectives of the current study were twofold. The first objective was to investigate the prevalenceof anemia in a population of nursing home residents in the US and to study its relationship with key resident characteristics and medical conditions. Although anemia in the nursing home population has been investigated earlier, no study to date has investigated both its prevalence and its relationship with potential predictive patient characteristics or comorbidities.Second, this study explored whether the association between anemia and falls found in the Dharmarajan et al. studies of hospitalized hip fracture patients18 and older patients hospitalized for acute care17 also applied to a population of general nursing home residents.
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ผลลัพธ์ (ไทย) 2:[สำเนา]
คัดลอก!
Anemia has become a focus of clinical and research interest largely due to its high prevalence, interrelationship
with comorbidities, and direct impact on patient health. Guralnik et al.1 found that anemia prevalence (defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a hemoglobin (Hb) level lower than 13 g/dL and 12 g/dL in men and women 15 years, respectively2)rises rapidly after the age of 50, to a rate greater than 20% in persons 85 years. In a study of subjects from three US communities (n¼3946) who were 70 years of age and older, Salive et al.3 found that increased age was significantly and independently associated with both low Hb level and anemia. Although the proportion of anemic persons was equal for men and women aged 71–74 (8.6%), it increased differentially with age, reaching 41% and 21% for men and women aged 90 years, respectively.
The prevalence of anemia in nursing home residents appears more pronounced. In 1980, Kalchthaler and Tan4 reported an overall prevalence of 40% in a population of 161 elderly residents in one long-term care facility. More recently, Artz et al.5 found a 6-month point prevalence of 48% in a population of 900 nursing home residents, with a range of 32–64% among the five facilities studied. Furthermore the hospitalization rate was 129% higher ( p50.05) among anemic versus
non-anemic residents.
The consequences of anemia for the older persons may include significant losses in physical function, strength and mobility, even with small decreases in Hb level6–9. Over time, these declines in physical performance may translate into fatigue, difficulties in performing basic activities of daily living (ADLs), patient dependency, and the need for assistance with ambulation (e.g., cane, walker). Anemia is also closely linked with a number of chronic medical conditions, most notably, chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetes, and cardiovascular (CV) disease. Anemia is seen early
in the course of CKD, with a noticeable decline in Hb concentration seen at creatinine clearance levels of approximately 70 mL/min and 50 mL/min among men and women, respectively10. McClellan et al. found a 48% prevalence of anemia in 5222 pre-dialysis patients11. These authors found that the risk of having anemia decreased with higher GFR values.
For each 10-mL/min/1.73m2 increase in GFR, the odds of having an Hb level 10 and 12 g/dL declined by 46% and 32%, respectively11.
Several studies have demonstrated significantly increased mortality with decreased Hb levels, particularly among patients with CKD, congestive heart failure, diabetes and HIV infection12–16. In residents of a long-term care facility, Kiely et al.16 found a 1.98 greater risk of mortality in anemic women (where anemia was identified from a diagnosis listed in the patient’s Minimal Data Set). For community dwellers in the Netherlands who were aged 85 and older, Izaks et al.12 found that mortality risk was 1.6 times greater in women and 2.29 times greater in men with anemia (WHO definition). De Maria15 found that the combined presence of heart disease and anemia (hemoglobin 11 g/dL) in females was associated with a 3.5 times greater risk of mortality than for nursing home residents without these dual comorbidities.
Studies suggest that anemia may be associated with increased risk of falls. In a study of 362 hospitalized ambulatory older adults, patients who fell during hospitalization were more likely to be anemic than nonanemic (56% vs. 38%, p50.001)17. In one study of older adults (from nursing homes and the community) hospitalized for hip fracture, anemic (WHO definition) was associated with a nearly threefold adjusted increased risk of falls ( p¼0.041)18. Furthermore,
anemic (WHO definition) residents who suffered a hip fracture subsequent to falling were found to be at higher risk for increased length of hospitalization and mortality19.
The objectives of the current study were twofold. The first objective was to investigate the prevalence
of anemia in a population of nursing home residents in the US and to study its relationship with key resident characteristics and medical conditions. Although anemia in the nursing home population has been investigated earlier, no study to date has investigated both its prevalence and its relationship with potential predictive patient characteristics or comorbidities.
Second, this study explored whether the association between anemia and falls found in the Dharmarajan et al. studies of hospitalized hip fracture patients18 and older patients hospitalized for acute care17 also applied to a population of general nursing home residents.
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ผลลัพธ์ (ไทย) 3:[สำเนา]
คัดลอก!
ภาวะโลหิตจางได้กลายเป็นจุดสนใจของการวิจัยทางคลินิกและความสนใจส่วนใหญ่เนื่องจากความชุกสูงของความสัมพันธ์
ที่มีโรคร่วม และผลกระทบโดยตรงต่อสุขภาพของผู้ป่วย guralnik et al . 1 พบว่า ความชุกของโลหิตจาง ( กำหนดโดยองค์การอนามัยโลก ( WHO ) เป็นฮีโมโกลบิน ( Hb ) ต่ำกว่า 13 g / dl และ 12 กรัม / เดซิลิตรในผู้ชายและผู้หญิง  15 ปี respectively2 ) เพิ่มขึ้นอย่างรวดเร็ว หลังจากอายุ 50ในอัตรามากกว่าร้อยละ 20 ในคน  85 ปี ในการศึกษาวิชาจากสามเราชุมชน ( N ¼ 3946 ) ที่มีอายุและอายุ 70 ปี salive et al . 3 เพิ่มขึ้นอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ พบว่า อายุและเป็นอิสระที่เกี่ยวข้องกับทั้งระดับต่ำและมีภาวะโลหิตจาง แม้ว่าสัดส่วนของโรคโลหิตจางคนเท่าเทียมกันสำหรับชายและหญิง อายุ 71 และ 74 ( 8.6% ) มันต่างกันที่เพิ่มขึ้นกับอายุ reaching 41% and 21% for men and women aged 90 years, respectively.
The prevalence of anemia in nursing home residents appears more pronounced. In 1980, Kalchthaler and Tan4 reported an overall prevalence of 40% in a population of 161 elderly residents in one long-term care facility. More recently, Artz et al.5 6 จุด พบความชุกของ 48% ในประชากร 900 ผู้อยู่อาศัยสถานพยาบาล ที่มีช่วงของ 32 และ 64 หมู่ที่ 5 เครื่อง ) นอกจากนี้อัตราการเสียชีวิต 129 % สูงกว่า ( p50.05 ) ของโรคโลหิตจางและ

) ไม่ใช่ชาวบ้าน ผลของภาวะโลหิตจางในผู้สูงอายุอาจรวมถึงการสูญเสียอย่างมีนัยสำคัญในการทำงานทางกายภาพ ความแข็งแกร่ง และการเคลื่อนไหว even with small decreases in Hb level6–9. Over time, these declines in physical performance may translate into fatigue, difficulties in performing basic activities of daily living (ADLs), patient dependency, and the need for assistance with ambulation (e.g., cane, walker). Anemia is also closely linked with a number of chronic medical conditions, most notably, chronic kidney disease (CKD),โรคเบาหวานและโรคหัวใจและหลอดเลือด ( CV ) โรค ภาวะโลหิตจางจะเห็นต้น
ในหลักสูตรอื่นๆ กับลดลงเห็นได้ชัดในฮีโมโกลบินสมาธิเห็นที่ระดับพิธีการหรือประมาณ 70 มล. / นาทีและ 50 มล. / นาที ระหว่างผู้ชายและผู้หญิง respectively10 . เมิกเคลเลิน et al . พบความชุกของภาวะโลหิตจางใน 5222 48 % ก่อนฟอกเลือด patients11 .ผู้เขียนเหล่านี้พบว่า ความเสี่ยงของการมีภาวะโลหิตจางสูงกว่าค่า GFR ลดลง .
สำหรับแต่ละ 10 มล. / นาที / 1.73m2 เพิ่มขึ้นในอัตราต่อรองที่มีค่าฮีโมโกลบิน  10 และ  12 กรัม / เดซิลิตรลดลง 46% และ 32% respectively11 .
หลายการศึกษาได้แสดงให้เห็นเพิ่มขึ้นอย่างมากจาก HB กับลดลง ระดับ โดยเฉพาะในผู้ป่วยโรคไตวายเรื้อรัง , หัวใจล้มเหลว ,
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