The role of microorganisms in food spoilage and foodborne illness must be understood if effective sanitation is to be practiced. Microoorganisms cause food spoilage through degradation of appearance and flavor, and foodborne illnesses occur through the ingestion of food containing microorganisms or toxin which is a cause of concern for public health. Microbiology is the science of microscopic forms of life. Control of microbial load from equipment, plants, and food is part of a sanitation program.