The new Russia has also inherited the borders of the former Soviet Union, except, of course, where these were taken over by the new states formed from the old Soviet Republics. In the Asia-Pacific, broadly defined, these include the five Central Asian Republics of Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. The last three together with Russia share border with china’s Xinjiang Autonomous Region, and accordingly impinge directly on the narrower definition of the Asia-Pacific used in this book. All five states are member of the Commonwealth of Independent states (CIS), with Russia as the key member. Those bordering China negotiate remaining border issues collectively, which in practice tends to mean that the new Russia has inherited most of the old border and territorial disputes of the former Soviet Union, which it itself had inherited from Tsarist Russia.