Plant materials and methods for genetic analysis, plant growth conditions,transgene construction, phenotypic analysis, and X-ray microscale computedtomography (microCT) are described in SI Appendix, SI Materials and Methods.Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes Columbia, Col-0, and Landsberg erecta [La(er)]were used. Maize inbred line B73 and rice cultivar Kitaake and Taichung 65were used