Texture profile analysis (TPA) to all the samples was performed
using a Texture Analyser (model TA.XT.Plus). The
texture profile analysis was carried out by two compression
cycles between parallel plates performed on cylindrical
samples (diameter 10 mm, height 3 mm) using a flat 75 mm
diameter plunger, with a 5 s of time between cycles. The
parameters that have been used were the following: 5 kg force
load cell and 0.5 mm s−1 test speed.
The textural properties: hardness, springiness, cohesiveness,
and chewiness were calculated after Eqs. (1)–(4) (see
Fig. 2