Measures of help seeking are shown in Appendix A, and descriptive statistics shown in
Table 5. Help-seeking orientations were obtained by computing the means of the component
scales (Karabenick, 2001, 2002, submitted). Approach orientation combined students’ intentions
to seek help, perceived benefits of seeking help, instrumental help-seeking goal, and preferences
for obtaining help from teachers. Avoidance orientation combined help-seeking threat,
intentions to avoid help, and to seek expedient help. Based on exploratory factor analysis,