The United States Fish and Wildlife Service ( USFWS ) defines a mammal as any member of the class Mammalia, including any part, product, egg or offspring, or the dead body or parts thereof (excluding fossils), whether or not included in a manufactured product or in a processed food product (OLAW/NIH 2002). In this context, ‘‘permit’’ is any document designated as a ‘‘permit,’’ ‘‘license,’’ ‘‘certificate,’’ or any other document issued by the USFWS to authorize, limit, or describe an activity and is signed by an authorized official of the USFWS