concerns the formulation and articulation of vision and challenging goals and motivating followers to work beyond their self-interest in order to achieve common goals (Dionne, Yammarino, Atwater & Spangler, 2004). In this dimension, leaders act as role models who are highly admired, respected and trusted by their followers (Bass & Riggio, 2006). According to Bass and Riggio (2006), leaders with great idealised influence are willing to take risks and are consistent rather than arbitrary by demonstrating high standards of ethical and moral conduct.