The hydrophilic ceramic membranes used in the experiments were made of tubular α-Al2O3/TiO2 (Shumacher GmbHTi01070),250 mmlong, 7mm in diameter, and 0.005m2 filtration area,purchased from Andritz,Pomerode, Santa Catarina State,Brazil.
The tests were carried out with ultrafiltration membranes of 0.05 mm and 20 kDa. All ultrafiltration experiments were performed at50 °C.