scores ranged from 80 to 845. They comprised juniors (26), and seniors (9), majoring in either humanities and social sciences (22) or natural sciences, engineering. and medicine (29). These students consisted of male (37) and female (14). and ranged in age from 19 to 29. with an average age of (23.6), Since the subjects had studied English at least 6 years, they were assumed to have enough English proficiency to take the TOEIC and use specific listening strategies to facilitate their listening ability 2. Instrumentation Two instruments the Strategies for English Listening (SEL and the TOEIC were used in this study. In order to assess the variety and frequency of students use of listening strategies. the author developed a self-report questionnaire. the SEL, through previous studies and inter- views of 10 college students learning English in Korea (OMalley & Chamot. 1990: Oxford, 1990 The 32 Likert-scale items of the SEL range from 1: never or almost never true of me to "5: always or almost always true of me. The overall average score of the SEL can be calculated by adding up each score of all the items and dividing the total score by the number of items. Even though the SEL is not divided into the commonly used four (cognitive, meta cognitive, socia and affective) or six (memory cognitive, compensation metacognitive social, and affective) strategy tegories, all the items of the SEL were assumed to belong to one of each of the strategy categories classified above. The reliability of the SEI by Cronbach's alpha is 85, with a validity yet to be explored. The SEL was administered in the Korean language to help minimize any possible errors from students understanding. In addition to the 32 items designed to measure students use of listening strategies, the SEL also includes four more items to gather further information on students beliefs about, interest in, and instrumental and integrative motivation for English learning. Instrumental motivation refers to motivation for learning a language as means for utilitarian purposes. while integrative motivation is related to learn a language for integrating with the target language culture (Gardner & Lambert, 1972). For more information on the SEL, see