Technologies such
as in vitro cultivation and sporulation are being developed to
further increase the production of Gracilaria seaweeds. The process of in vitro cultivation could be affected by endogenous and
exogenous factors. Endogenous factors include characteristics of
explants such as age, source, stage of development and physiological
state, whereas exogenous factors include salinity, irradiance,
photoperiod, temperature, pH and media composition (Yokoya and
Yoneshigue-Valentin, 2011).