(a) Personal Allowance. This is the time taken by the operator to attend to his personal needs such as going to lavatory, taking a cup of tea, smoking etc. The time for this is usually taken to be about 5 percent of the total time.
(b) Fatigue. The efficiency of the worker decreases due to fatigue of working at a stretch and also due to working conditions such as poor lighting, heating or ventilation. The efficiency is also affected by the psychology of the worker which may be due to domestic worries, job security etc. For normal work, the allowance for fatigue is about 5 percent of the other times. This allowance can be increased depending upon the type and nature of work and working conditions.