Polymers emerged as an effective alternative to starch as
pore-forming agents. They exhibit defect-free burn out at
relatively low temperatures, they are usually environmentally
friendly and relatively cheap. In addition, they are easily mixed
with ceramic powders or suspensions.
Porcelain stoneware is endowed with high bending strength
(ISO 10545/4), virtually null water permeability (o0.5%),
excellent frost and chemical resistance and optimal abrasion
resistance. These outstanding properties make porcelain stoneware particularly suitable as a material for floor and wall tiles.
The investigation of lighter and less thermally conductive floor
pavements is an emerging area, partly due to the expected
lower production costs associated with the materials' weight