Cohesiveness is defined as the ratio of the positive force during the second compression to that during the first compression (Figure 1), this parameter is the strength of internal bonds which make up the body of the product. All teff muffins had significantly decreased cohesiveness compared to the control rice muffin, and lower compression energy was required. Typically, a more cohesive product retains more gas, and has a higher volume. No difference was seen in both, cohesiveness and percentage increase in height in control, 25% and 50% teff muffins, but the 75% and 100% teff muffins had decreased cohesiveness and consequently, lower volume. This was most clearly evident in 100% teff muffin, where the decrease in cohesiveness (12.5%) was even visually apparent, as this muffin crumbled easily with simple manipulation.