2.1. Cement paste
Cement paste was prepared from ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with specific
gravity of 3.15 and Blaine fineness of 3120 cm2/g, type F superplasticizer (SP) at the
dosage of 1.25% by weight of cement, and tab water. The constant water to cement
ratio (W/C) of 0.24 was used for all mixes with the designed flow value of cement
paste of 170–180 mm measured in accordance with JIS R 5201 [16].
2.2. Lightweight