Norway case study: The evolution of the GPFG’s objectives
Norway’s $859bn fund has evolved considerably since its creation in 1990. The Norwegian Government Petroleum Fund (NGPF) was established to smooth the consumption of oil revenue across generations, to pay for the ageing population, and to prevent ‘Dutch disease’. In 1998, Norges Bank Investment Management (NBIM)was created in order to diversify NGPF’s assets away from traditional asset classes and geographies and maintain its purchasing power. In 2005, the NGPF was reformed and replaced with Government Pension Fund Global (GPFG) in a bid to improve public understanding of the fund’s fiscal role, particularly in terms of underwriting Norwegian public pensions (although the GPFG has no explicit liabilities). In recent years, Norway has begun to use the fund more regularly to prop up the economy, fulfilling a short-term stabilisation role. In 2015 it plans to use a record amount to fill the non-oil budget deficit (the government is allowed to use up to 4 per cent a year in its budget). It is evident from this journey that GPFG represents an example of a fund with many priorities, and it is necessary to disentangle these from one another to truly understand the fund’s purpose.
Norway case study: The evolution of the GPFG’s objectivesNorway’s $859bn fund has evolved considerably since its creation in 1990. The Norwegian Government Petroleum Fund (NGPF) was established to smooth the consumption of oil revenue across generations, to pay for the ageing population, and to prevent ‘Dutch disease’. In 1998, Norges Bank Investment Management (NBIM)was created in order to diversify NGPF’s assets away from traditional asset classes and geographies and maintain its purchasing power. In 2005, the NGPF was reformed and replaced with Government Pension Fund Global (GPFG) in a bid to improve public understanding of the fund’s fiscal role, particularly in terms of underwriting Norwegian public pensions (although the GPFG has no explicit liabilities). In recent years, Norway has begun to use the fund more regularly to prop up the economy, fulfilling a short-term stabilisation role. In 2015 it plans to use a record amount to fill the non-oil budget deficit (the government is allowed to use up to 4 per cent a year in its budget). It is evident from this journey that GPFG represents an example of a fund with many priorities, and it is necessary to disentangle these from one another to truly understand the fund’s purpose.
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