Although reported Peptic ulcer bleeding-related mortality rates range from 5% to 12%, most studies from US, Europe, and Asia place that figure closer to 5% than to 12% Numerous studies have shown that endoscopic and pharmacological treatment of Peptic ulcer bleeding episodes can reduce rebleeding and surgery rates, days of hospitalization, and number of blood units transfused. However, clinical trials indicate that none of these therapeutic approaches have reduced the overall mortality associated with the bleeding event. Although many of these studies were not powered to show differences in this outcome, the marginal benefits demonstrated suggest the need for exceedingly large randomized clinical trials to show statistically significant differences. It could be that we will never see such a trial, and that we will have to rely on meta-analyses of smaller clinical trials and indirect evidence from observational studies