Design an artificial neural network for an associative
memory (as discussed in Section 11.5)
consisting of a rectangular array of neurons that
tries to move toward stable patterns in which a
single vertical column of neurons is excited.
46. Adjust the weights and threshold values in the
artificial neural network in Figure 11.18 so
that its output is 1 when both inputs are the
same (both 0 or both 1) and 0 when the inputs
are different (one being 0 while the other is 1).
47. Draw a diagram similar to Figure 11.5 representing
the process of simplifying the algebraic
expression 7x 3 3x 5 to the
expression x 2.
48. Expand your answer to the previous problem to
show other paths that a control system might
pursue when attempting to solve the problem.
49. Draw a diagram similar to Figure 11.5 representing
the reasoning process involved when
concluding that “Polly can fly” from the initial
facts “Polly is a parrot,” “A parrot is a bird,” and
“All birds can fly.”
50. In contrast to the statement in the preceding
problem, some birds, such as an ostrich or a
robin with a broken wing, cannot fly.
However, it would not seem reasonable to
construct a deductive reasoning system in
which all the exceptions to the statement “All
birds can fly” are explicitly listed. How then
do we as humans decide whether a particular
bird can or cannot fly?
51. Explain how the meaning of the sentence “I
read the new tax law” depends on the context.
52. Describe how the problem of traveling from
one city to another could be framed as a production
system. What are the states? What are
the productions?