Four important new dimensions provide greater attention to neonates, namely (1) birth
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of high-risk neonates, (2) extended infant antiretroviral
(ARV) prophylaxis if early breastfeeding risk is increased owing to inadequate duration of maternal
cART, (3) combination infant ARV prophylaxis (cARP) if intrapartum transmission risk is increased
and (4) very early initiation of cART in infected neonates. In the present article, we discuss the
implications of these new programme and policy developments for breastfeeding