Hydroxylation of benzene to phenol with hydrogen peroxide
was carried out in a two-neck 50 ml round bottom
flask connected with a reflux condenser. Catalysts, benzene
and solvent were firstly added into the flask, after heating
the mixture to the desired temperature using water bath
under magnetic stirring, hydrogen peroxide (30 vol.%)
was added dropwise through a dropping funnel. The addition
rate was controlled at 10 ml/h. The reaction lasted for
3 h. The products were analyzed by gas chromatography
(GC 122) equipped with a 50 m OV-1 capillary column
and a FID detector. The products were confirmed by comparing
the retention time and also by GC/MS (Thermo
Ultra).