Fig. 3 shows the orthogonal experimental set-up employed by Ng et al. Fig. 4 illustrates a schematic of the finite element model in this study. The tool geometry and the cutting conditions used for this simulation are listed in Table 4. The workpiece material was AISI H13 die steel (52 HRc), tool was polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) insert. Other material physical properties for the tools and workpiece are listed in Table 5.