for the risk assumed. Investment in financial and strategic responses to
uncertainties should only take place up to the point where the marginal
benefits to the firm of reducing uncertainty are equal to the marginal costs.
If the cost of reducing the uncertainty exposure in a particular dimension
exceeds the benefits of uncertainty reduction, no investment is warranted.7
New investment opportunitiesn eed to be assessed in terms of their implications
for the firm's general uncertainty profile. While a project's performance
viewed in isolation may be deemed very unpredictable along many different
uncertainty dimensions, if the project's returns are expected to have low (or
negative) correlations with the existing firm projects, such an investment
can actually reduce the firm's overall income stream variability.
Ideally, a firm could, as part of the strategic planning process, develop a
comprehensive uncertainty profile encompassing each of the uncertainty
dimensions. Ongoing clarification of the nature and extent of the uncertainties
a firm faces can take place through environmental surveillance and forecasting
activities. An assessment of the uncertainties at the general environmental,
industry, and firm levels can point to opportunities and threats to
which strategic and financial responses can be formulated. Alternative
strategies need to be considered (either quantitatively or qualitatively) in
terms of their implications for the firm's comprehensive uncertainty profile.
Research Implications
In addition to the implications for managerial practitioners, the integrated
risk management framework developed in this paper has implications for
international business and strategic management research. The typologies of
uncertaintiesa nd fin risk managementr esponsesp rovidea basis for developing
and empirically testing specific hypotheses relating multiple uncertainties to
strategicr esponsesb y internationabl usiness firms. The list of strategicr esponses
to uncertainties indicates a broad range of firm activities, many of which have
not been studied as risk management strategies.
Researchers need to begin to test more complex contingency relations between
the multiple uncertainty dimensions and corporate strategic responses. The
development of such hypotheses goes beyond the simplistic approach found
in much of the existing literature of treating uncertainty as a single construct
or isolatinga particularty pe of uncertaintyt o the exclusion of otheru ncertainties.
That is, much of the strategic management, organization theory, and international
management literature on risk and uncertainty is imprecise in its
theoretical statements about organizational response to uncertainties because
of its failure to specify the particular uncertainties of interest. As already
noted, organizations do not respond to uncertainty as a general environmental
phenomenon.R ather,f irm responsest o uncertaintiesi nvolve trade-offsb etween
various uncertainties. For instance, based on the example of backward vertical
integration mentioned earlier, it would be reasonable to hypothesize a positive
relation with input supply uncertainty but a negative relation with political
and policy uncertainty.
This
for the risk assumed. Investment in financial and strategic responses to
uncertainties should only take place up to the point where the marginal
benefits to the firm of reducing uncertainty are equal to the marginal costs.
If the cost of reducing the uncertainty exposure in a particular dimension
exceeds the benefits of uncertainty reduction, no investment is warranted.7
New investment opportunitiesn eed to be assessed in terms of their implications
for the firm's general uncertainty profile. While a project's performance
viewed in isolation may be deemed very unpredictable along many different
uncertainty dimensions, if the project's returns are expected to have low (or
negative) correlations with the existing firm projects, such an investment
can actually reduce the firm's overall income stream variability.
Ideally, a firm could, as part of the strategic planning process, develop a
comprehensive uncertainty profile encompassing each of the uncertainty
dimensions. Ongoing clarification of the nature and extent of the uncertainties
a firm faces can take place through environmental surveillance and forecasting
activities. An assessment of the uncertainties at the general environmental,
industry, and firm levels can point to opportunities and threats to
which strategic and financial responses can be formulated. Alternative
strategies need to be considered (either quantitatively or qualitatively) in
terms of their implications for the firm's comprehensive uncertainty profile.
Research Implications
In addition to the implications for managerial practitioners, the integrated
risk management framework developed in this paper has implications for
international business and strategic management research. The typologies of
uncertaintiesa nd fin risk managementr esponsesp rovidea basis for developing
and empirically testing specific hypotheses relating multiple uncertainties to
strategicr esponsesb y internationabl usiness firms. The list of strategicr esponses
to uncertainties indicates a broad range of firm activities, many of which have
not been studied as risk management strategies.
Researchers need to begin to test more complex contingency relations between
the multiple uncertainty dimensions and corporate strategic responses. The
development of such hypotheses goes beyond the simplistic approach found
in much of the existing literature of treating uncertainty as a single construct
or isolatinga particularty pe of uncertaintyt o the exclusion of otheru ncertainties.
That is, much of the strategic management, organization theory, and international
management literature on risk and uncertainty is imprecise in its
theoretical statements about organizational response to uncertainties because
of its failure to specify the particular uncertainties of interest. As already
noted, organizations do not respond to uncertainty as a general environmental
phenomenon.R ather,f irm responsest o uncertaintiesi nvolve trade-offsb etween
various uncertainties. For instance, based on the example of backward vertical
integration mentioned earlier, it would be reasonable to hypothesize a positive
relation with input supply uncertainty but a negative relation with political
and policy uncertainty.
This
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
