8.2.3 sparger
There exists a large variety of sparger disigns these include simple open pipes,perforated tubes , porous diffusers, and complex two-phase injector devices point spargers , such as open pipe spargers, release bubbles at only one location in the vessel other sparger designs such as ring spargers have multiple gas outlets so that bubbles are released simultaneously from various locations bubbles leaving the sparger usually fall within a relatrively narrow size range depending on the sparger type however, as the bubbles rise