INDICATORS
7. Macro economy and energy balance data
7.1. Indicators of energy intensities
This sheet will include macro-economic indicators, such as the ones published by DEDE in its brochure, called “Thailand Energy Efficiency Situation”20, as well as basic indicators published by EEPO21: - Total final energy intensity to GDP - Energy intensity of agriculture - Energy intensity of industry - Energy intensity of commercial sector - Energy intensity of transport
It is proposed to include a few additional macro indicators, such as an indicator of energy intensity for the residential sector, an intensity of manufacturing industry, and to calculate in a different way the transport intensity, as explained below.
7.1.1. Primary and final energy intensities
The primary energy intensity is the ratio between the total energy consumption of a country and the GDP at constant price. It measures the total amount of energy necessary to generate one unit of GDP.
The final energy intensity is the ratio final energy consumption and the GDP. The difference between the primary and final intensity is explained by the consumption used in energy transformations.
Different trends in primary and final energy intensities can be explained by five factors: i. changes in the energy supply mix, mainly linked to changes in the electricity generation mix: an increase in the share of thermal power generation increases the gap between the two intensities; in contrast, an increasing share of hydropower or wind narrows this gap. ii. changes in the efficiency of transformations: for instance, greater efficiency of thermal power plants (e.g. development of gas combined cycle power plants), reduces the ratio of primary to final intensity. iii. changes in the share of secondary energies (mainly electricity) in final consumption. iv. changes in the percentage of energy for non-energy uses, as these consumptions are included in the primary intensity but excluded from the final intensity. v. finally changes in the share of imported secondary energies: any increase, for instance, in electricity imports will decrease transformation losses and narrow the gap between the two intensities.
7.1.2. Sectoral energy intensities