and violent (physically aggressive) patients, and violent
individuals had a higher score (Table 4). A positive
association was found for withdrawal-retardation and
thinking disorder. Violent individuals showed more
symptoms of psychomotor agitation and anger (hostility)
than those who were only hostile, as mentioned above.
However, they also had more hallucinations and delusions
(unusual thought content), and their mean scores for
these items were high. They also had higher scores for
emotional withdrawal and specific motor disturbances.
The comparison of violent and hostile patients did not
reveal any significant association with exaggerated self-
esteem and suspiciousness.
Finally, after comparing patients that were aggressive
against others (only) and self-aggressive, we found
that self-aggressive patients had greater psychomotor
agitation, somatic anxiety, conceptual disorganization
and disorientation, but no significant differences in
depressive symptoms. Therefore, self-aggressive
individuals had the most severe psychopathologies
(greatest BPRS scores).
Discussion
This study revealed that the higher the BPRS scores,
the more severe the aggression, and that self-aggressive
individuals formed the most aggressive group. This
result was true both for the scale as a whole and for its
components, except for anxious-depression, which was
negatively associated with aggressiveness (Figure 2).