Warpage is the deviation of a moulded part from its required shape. Warpage is always the result of shrinkage differences with the exception of distortions caused by deformation during demoulding.
Figure 23.1
Warpage on box-shaped parts
Figure 23.2
Warpage due to glass fiber orientation
Figure 23.3
Warpage on box-shaped parts
Warpage on injection-moulded parts is a large problem, as it is impossible to precisely predict it. Modifications to injection moulds often cause unpredictable costs and delays. Warpage is always the result of different shrinkage values in a moulded part.