Clinical signs and symptoms of hyposalivation.
TEETH
dIncreased incidence of tooth decay (cervical and incisal)
dEnamel demineralization (chalky spots at the cervical regions of the teeth)
dEnamel erosion and attrition
dIncreased plaque accumulation
dIncreased tooth hypersensitivity
ORAL MUCOSA
dMucositis
dMucosal desquamation
dAtrophic mucosa
dAllergic or contact stomatitis and lichenoid lesions (mostly opposing metal restorations)
dRecurrent oral candidiasis
dTraumatic ulcerations on the lateral border of the tongue, the buccal mucosa or both
dPainful or burning mouth (intolerance to spicy, sour or salty food and drinks)
dNonspecifi c gingival infl ammation and generalized oral erythema
TONGUE
dDryness, fi ssuring, lobulation
dAtrophy
dErythema
dLoss of papillae
dCrenations on tongue (scalloped borders)
LIPS
dDryness, chapping
dPeeling
dFissuring
dAngular cheilitis
MAJOR SALIVARY GLANDS
dPoor salivary output
dFrothy saliva
dAbsent or reduced salivary pooling
dSwelling or enlargement of salivary glands
dRecurrent sialadenitis affecting major salivary glands (parotid or submandibular)
ORAL CAVITY
dOral allergic or contact reactions
dHalitosis
dDiffi culty talking, chewing or swallowing (dysphagia)
dPlaque accumulation
dReduced oral clearance
dAltered taste sensation (dysgeusia)
dFood retention and debris on the teeth or tongue or along gingival margins
OTHER
dNutritional defi ciencies (manifested as dehydration, weight loss, increased thirst,
changes in food and drink preferences)
dDry eye accompanied by dry mouth (Sjögren syndrome)