About PIER
This project was conducted by the California Energy Commission’s Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) Program.
PIER supports public interest energy research and development that helps improve the quality of life in California
by bringing environmentally safe, affordable, and reliable energy services and products to the marketplace.
Arnold Schwarzenegger, Governor For more information, see www.energy.ca.gov/research
California Energy Commission Chair: Karen Douglas Vice Chair: James D. Boyd
Commissioners: Jeffrey D. Byron, Anthony Eggert, Robert Weisenmiller