Among the health risk factors studied, outdoor air pollution was ranked 5th in mortality and 7th in overall health burden in India. Household (indoor) air pollution from burning of solid fuels was responsible for an additional one million premature deaths. A substantial increase was observed in the cases of ischemic heart disease (which lead to heart attacks), cerebrovasculat disease (which can lead to strokes), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lower respiratory infections, and cancers (in trachea, lungs, and bronchitis).