Lazim, Ramayah & Ahmad 240
240
Ljungberg (1998) put definition of TPM in terms of overall equipment
effectiveness (OEE) from a generic perspective. OEE also contributes to
increased profit and reduced manufacturing cost using OEE calculation
methodology (Kwon & Lee, 2004). Significant improvements have been
recorded in manufacturing costs and profits of more than USD389 thousands
(Kwon & Lee, 2004). Generally, TPM puts emphasis on equipment losses
elimination. These losses can be categorized into three main categories; namely
downtime, speed losses and defects (Nakajima, 1988). Table 1 illustrates the
detailed description of losses.