1. Introduction
Nowadays, it has been given considerable emphasis to theenvironmental impacts caused by chemical surfactants due totheir high toxicity and non-biodegradable properties [1]. Biosur-factants are natural surfactants produced extracellulary or as partof the cell membrane by bacteria, yeasts or fungi from differ-ent substrates, including sugars, oils, alkanes [2]. Biosurfactants have some advantages over petroleum-based surfactants, such as biodegradability, production from renewable substrates, low toxic-ity, biocompatibility, digestibility, diversity for chemical structureand properties, effectiveness even at extreme conditions of tem-perature, pH and salinity [3]. Some desirable characteristics of anefficient biosurfactant are related to the reduction of the surfacetension of water to 27 mN m−1, reduction of the interfacial tensionon water/hydrocarbon systems and a low critical micellar con-centration [4,5]. Due to these advantages, biosurfactants are good∗
1. IntroductionNowadays, it has been given considerable emphasis to theenvironmental impacts caused by chemical surfactants due totheir high toxicity and non-biodegradable properties [1]. Biosur-factants are natural surfactants produced extracellulary or as partof the cell membrane by bacteria, yeasts or fungi from differ-ent substrates, including sugars, oils, alkanes [2]. Biosurfactants have some advantages over petroleum-based surfactants, such as biodegradability, production from renewable substrates, low toxic-ity, biocompatibility, digestibility, diversity for chemical structureand properties, effectiveness even at extreme conditions of tem-perature, pH and salinity [3]. Some desirable characteristics of anefficient biosurfactant are related to the reduction of the surfacetension of water to 27 mN m−1, reduction of the interfacial tensionon water/hydrocarbon systems and a low critical micellar con-centration [4,5]. Due to these advantages, biosurfactants are good∗
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..