With increased demand, shrimp culture has expanded into inland areas. The decrease in salinity associated with the shift into inland environments may have restricted the occurrence of the halophilic V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus, but may favor the
growth of V. cholerae. The salinities of the ponds in the present study were as low as 1e5 ppt, and may be close to the lower limits for V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus