In this study, over half of the MSMRP had had UAI with their RP. The findings corroborated results of other studies conducted in China [26,27] and in other countries [62]. The severity of the situation needs to be understood in the worrying context of very high HIV (13.3% and 26.2%) and STD (syphilis infection: 26.4% and 28.1%) prevalence among MSM in Beijing [63] and Chengdu [64], suggesting that MSMRP are at extremely high risk of HIV/STD infection.