4.2 Population and sample
The population of this study consisted of all the Jordanian insurance public companies listed in Amman Security Exchange from the period between 2002 and 2007 which were (28) public companies. We didn't include the year of 2008 and above for two reasons: First, we think that the results might be affected by the global financial crises. Second, we noticed a lack of information after 2010. We excluded five public companies because of the unavailability accounting and market data, so the final sample was equal to (23) listed Jordanian insurance public companies. All accounting data was collected from the published annual reports of these insurance public companies. Market data was collected from the monthly and yearly bulletins published by Amman Security Exchange for the years of the study.