TSS (%) and firmness (kg cmÀ2) were measured according to the method described by Yun et al. (2013) and Zhu et al. (2015). TA (%) was determined using the digital acidity meters (GMK835, G-WON HITECH CO., LTD, Korea) following the manufacturer’s instructions (Obenland, Sievert, & Arpaia, 2011).