According to [34], the ESC area fraction (the area occupied by
ESCs divided by the area interested) along the normalized thickness
(X/T 100%, where X was the distance from the casting surface,
and T was the thickness of the casting) was shown in Fig. 3.
Similar to [35], the ESC area fraction in the specimen A increased
as the slow shot speed, whereas decreased as the distance from
the casting center. The ESC area fraction in the specimen B increased
significantly when the slow shot speed was increased
from 0.3 m/s to 0.1 m/s or 0.15 m/s, and the ESCs tended to aggregate
at the center of the samples. The location of the defect
band in samples at location B, i.e. as marked with arrows in Fig. 3,
can be determined according to Fig. 2. It can be observed that the