largest fitness-induced benefits occurring for executive-control processes.The magnitude of fitness effects on cognition was also moderatedby a number of programmatic and methodological factors, including thelength of the fitness-training intervention, the type of the intervention, theduration of training sessions, and the gender of the study participants.The results are discussed in terms of recent neuroscientific and psychologicaldata that indicate cognitive and neural plasticity is maintainedthroughout the life span.