Demographic, health, and lifestyle information on the subjects were collected using self-administered questionnaires completed by the parents (gender, physical activity [hours per week], maternal smoking during pregnancy [yes/no], parental history of hypertension [neither parent is hypertensive; at least one of the parents is hypertensive], and the highest educational level of either parent[low: both parents reported less than 10 years of school; medium:10 years of school; high: one of the parents reported more than 10 years of school]).