The present study showed that applied baking conditions has
great potential to release phenolic compounds associated to the
dietary fibers. However, in control corn cookies the content of total
flavonoids and anthocyanins, as free water-soluble phenolic compounds,
was reduced by applied temperature and baking times. As
result of thermal anthocyanins degradation and the formation of
the Maillard reaction products, surface of the control cookies was
brown. Adding of citric acid to pigmented corn dough increased the
phenolic compounds in corn cookies by anthocyanins stabilization.
Our results showed that citric acid affected total anthocyanins in
corn cookies dough and final cookies by lowering pH and by acylation
of their sugar residues or flavylium cation. In addition to the
stabilizing effect, citric acid improved accessibility of the anthocyanins.
The blue popping corn and blue-standard corn cookies with
0.5 and 1 g/100 g citric acid and their pH values of 4.41 and 3.55
appeared to be pink and pale pink, respectively. In addition, the
present study showed that the Maillard reaction had crucial
influence on the increment of antioxidant capacity in cookies.
Considering that replacement of synthetic colorants is the main
requirement of the food industry and that it can be done by acylated
anthocyanins, more research is needed to evaluate the effects
of different organic acids and their concentrations on corn anthocyanins
stabilization. In addition, although corn cookies with citric
acid had a pleasant smell of popcorn and good crispness, detailed
laboratory measurements and evaluation of textural and sensory
characteristics will be the subject of future research
The present study showed that applied baking conditions hasgreat potential to release phenolic compounds associated to thedietary fibers. However, in control corn cookies the content of totalflavonoids and anthocyanins, as free water-soluble phenolic compounds,was reduced by applied temperature and baking times. Asresult of thermal anthocyanins degradation and the formation ofthe Maillard reaction products, surface of the control cookies wasbrown. Adding of citric acid to pigmented corn dough increased thephenolic compounds in corn cookies by anthocyanins stabilization.Our results showed that citric acid affected total anthocyanins incorn cookies dough and final cookies by lowering pH and by acylationof their sugar residues or flavylium cation. In addition to thestabilizing effect, citric acid improved accessibility of the anthocyanins.The blue popping corn and blue-standard corn cookies with0.5 and 1 g/100 g citric acid and their pH values of 4.41 and 3.55appeared to be pink and pale pink, respectively. In addition, thepresent study showed that the Maillard reaction had crucialinfluence on the increment of antioxidant capacity in cookies.Considering that replacement of synthetic colorants is the mainrequirement of the food industry and that it can be done by acylatedanthocyanins, more research is needed to evaluate the effectsof different organic acids and their concentrations on corn anthocyaninsstabilization. In addition, although corn cookies with citric
acid had a pleasant smell of popcorn and good crispness, detailed
laboratory measurements and evaluation of textural and sensory
characteristics will be the subject of future research
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