It is well known that the seed layer plays an important role in the
alignment of nanorods [24] and some results reveal that local
temperature on the substrate, thickness of seed layer, oxygen partial
pressure sputtering and preferred orientation of seed layer are
effective parameters in producing well-aligned nanorods [25e27].
Ji et al. [24], by presenting a model, showed that increase of seed
layer thickness results in smoother surface of the film and hence