School uniforms have their historical antecedents in very old traditions. If understood broadly, "students" have donned special garments to set themselves apart for religious (monastic and priestly training) and economic purposes (apprentices wearing guild attire) for centuries. However, school uniforms as understood in their modern sense are a particular manifestation of a more general uniformization of populations apparent from about the early nineteenth century. This regulation of appearance is more specifically understood as "standardizing" and "disciplining" workers and citizens to meet the requirements of industrialization, capitalism, and national loyalty. Though historically some schools mandated uniforms for religious reasons or to maintain their "tradition," by and large school uniforms have been ideologically inspired by a notion that bodily control and regulated appearance beget social order, within the school and in society at large.
Uniformity Versus Individuality
School uniforms may be thought of as representing in material-cultural form the point in which the forces of two great upheavals, epitomized by the industrial and French revolutions, converge. However, despite encour-aging the uniformizing of students (as well as workers and citizens), these two momentous transformations often work at cross-purposes. The industrial revolution was an economic project that eventually required formal schooling to learn radically new habits for rationalized labor. School uniforms came to symbolize the person as interchangeable and modular. Meanwhile, a more political project, the French Revolution (and other similar revolts of the same period), encouraged self-determinism and individuality, ideals that were often contravened by dress uniformity (in addition to demanding uniformed students-that is, workers-in-training-the industrial revolution immeasurably facilitated the spread of student uniforms through mechanical standardization and mass production). The tension between economic production and political liberation continues to shape debates about school uniforms: Some argue that school uniforms increase social order while others contend they run the danger of violating a person's right of self-expression. To what degree school uniforms actually do the latter, along with threatening a student's autonomy, self-worth, and dignity is, of course, debatable. In any case, contemporary discussions about school uniforms also reveal deeper concerns about student performance, school safety, the maintenance of social order, and the relation between the individual student (citizen-in-training) and the state.
เครื่องแบบโรงเรียนได้ antecedents นักประวัติศาสตร์ประเพณีเก่ามาก ถ้าเข้าใจอย่างกว้างขวาง "นักศึกษา" มี donned เสื้อผ้าพิเศษเพื่อตั้งตนแยกศาสนา (ฝึกอบรมสงฆ์ และพยากรณ์) และวัตถุประสงค์ทางเศรษฐกิจ (ฝึกสวมชุดสมาคม) มานานหลายศตวรรษ อย่างไรก็ตาม เครื่องแบบโรงเรียนที่เข้าใจในความรู้สึกของพวกเขาทันสมัยมียามเฉพาะ uniformization ทั่วไปของประชากรที่ชัดเจนจากเกี่ยวกับศตวรรษก่อน ระเบียบนี้ลักษณะที่ปรากฏจะเข้าใจมากขึ้นโดยเฉพาะ "standardizing" และ "disciplining" ผู้ปฏิบัติงานและประชาชนเพื่อตอบสนองความต้องการของทวีความรุนแรงมาก ทุนนิยม และชาติสมาชิก แม้อดีตบางโรงเรียนบังคับเครื่องด้วยเหตุผลทางศาสนา หรือ เพื่อรักษาความ "ประเพณี" โดย large และเครื่องแบบโรงเรียนได้ถูก ideologically แรงบันดาลใจความคิดที่ว่า การควบคุมร่างกายและควบคุมลักษณะบังเกิดสังคมสั่ง ภาย ในโรงเรียน และ ในสังคมมีขนาดใหญ่รื่นรมย์กับบุคลิกลักษณะSchool uniforms may be thought of as representing in material-cultural form the point in which the forces of two great upheavals, epitomized by the industrial and French revolutions, converge. However, despite encour-aging the uniformizing of students (as well as workers and citizens), these two momentous transformations often work at cross-purposes. The industrial revolution was an economic project that eventually required formal schooling to learn radically new habits for rationalized labor. School uniforms came to symbolize the person as interchangeable and modular. Meanwhile, a more political project, the French Revolution (and other similar revolts of the same period), encouraged self-determinism and individuality, ideals that were often contravened by dress uniformity (in addition to demanding uniformed students-that is, workers-in-training-the industrial revolution immeasurably facilitated the spread of student uniforms through mechanical standardization and mass production). The tension between economic production and political liberation continues to shape debates about school uniforms: Some argue that school uniforms increase social order while others contend they run the danger of violating a person's right of self-expression. To what degree school uniforms actually do the latter, along with threatening a student's autonomy, self-worth, and dignity is, of course, debatable. In any case, contemporary discussions about school uniforms also reveal deeper concerns about student performance, school safety, the maintenance of social order, and the relation between the individual student (citizen-in-training) and the state.
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