We also examined the differences in organizational culture under different
ownership structures. Again significant differences were found; with the privately
owned firms, those with foreign ownership, and the firms with mixed ownership more
likely to have highly integrative culture while the publicly owned and the state-owned
firms were more likely to have moderately integrative culture. While hierarchy culture
was not found to be predominant under any ownership structure, 31.2 percent of the
state-owned firms and 26.9 percent of the publicly owned firms and 26.9 percent of the
firms with mixed ownership were found to have hierarchy culture. It is encouraging
again to know that predominantly firms under all the ownership structures either have
highly integrative culture or moderately integrative culture. This finding however also
points towards the scope, particularly for the publicly owned, the state-owned and
the mixed ownership firms to adopt a highly integrative culture. This can be well
expected to boost their performance and help them compete with their counterparts
operating under other ownership structures (Gordon, 1985).