2.5. BC membrane analysis
2.5.1. Water holding capacity (WHC)
For the determination of WHC, wet BC samples were removed from the storage container with tweezers. The samples were sha- ken twice quickly and then weighed, followed by drying at 60 °C for 48 h in order to completely remove water from them. WHC was calculated by the following formula (Shezad et al., 2010):