The architectures are classified into various categories based on
the hierarchy.
Single-tier architecture: This type of architecture is most common
among the agricultural applications, specifically smallscale
ones. In this type of architecture, the on-field devices
and sensor nodes directly communicate their data to a sink
node placed near the application area. This type of architecture
is also referred to as the single clustered architecture.
Multi-tier architecture: In a multi-tier architecture, there are
multiple levels in the overall application hierarchy. The onfield
sensor nodes remain in the lower level of hierarchy, and
form the basic clusters. Thereafter, the next levels of hierarchy
include multiple clusters to reach the gateway nodes. Typically,
multi-tier architectures consist of heterogeneous nodes.
Fig. 4 shows a multi-tier architecture with three levels of gateways.
The basic unit of the network is formed by a cluster comprised
of sensor nodes and a cluster head, referred to as the 3rd
tier gateway in the figure. These gateways again form a cluster
with the 2nd tier gateways as the cluster head, and thus, the hierarchy
is followed iteratively until the remote sink is reached.
The architectures are classified into various categories based onthe hierarchy. Single-tier architecture: This type of architecture is most commonamong the agricultural applications, specifically smallscaleones. In this type of architecture, the on-field devicesand sensor nodes directly communicate their data to a sinknode placed near the application area. This type of architectureis also referred to as the single clustered architecture. Multi-tier architecture: In a multi-tier architecture, there aremultiple levels in the overall application hierarchy. The onfieldsensor nodes remain in the lower level of hierarchy, andform the basic clusters. Thereafter, the next levels of hierarchyinclude multiple clusters to reach the gateway nodes. Typically,multi-tier architectures consist of heterogeneous nodes.Fig. 4 shows a multi-tier architecture with three levels of gateways.The basic unit of the network is formed by a cluster comprisedof sensor nodes and a cluster head, referred to as the 3rdtier gateway in the figure. These gateways again form a clusterwith the 2nd tier gateways as the cluster head, and thus, the hierarchyis followed iteratively until the remote sink is reached.
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