Biotic stress like pathogenic infection increases ethylene biosynthesis in plants and ethylene inhibitors
are known to alleviate the severity of plant disease incidence. This study aimed to reduce the bacterial
spot disease incidence in tomato plants caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (XCV) by
modulating stress ethylene with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity of Methylobacterium
strains. Under greenhouse condition, Methylobacterium strains inoculated and pathogen
challenged tomato plants had low ethylene emission compared to pathogen infected ones. ACC accumulation
and ACC oxidase (ACO) activity with ACO related gene expression increased in XCV infected tomato
plants over Methylobacterium strains inoculated plants. Among the Methylobacterium spp., CBMB12
resulted lowest ACO related gene expression (1.46 Normalized Fold Expression), whereas CBMB20 had
high gene expression (3.42 Normalized Fold Expression) in pathogen challenged tomato. But a signifi-
cant increase in ACO gene expression (7.09 Normalized Fold Expression) was observed in the bacterial
pathogen infected plants. In contrast, Methylobacterium strains enhanced -1,3-glucanase and phenylalanine
ammonia-lyase (PAL) enzyme activities in pathogen challenged tomato plants. The respective
increase in -1,3-glucanase related gene expressions due to CBMB12, CBMB15, and CBMB20 strains
were 66.3, 25.5 and 10.4% higher over pathogen infected plants. Similarly, PAL gene expression was high
with 0.67 and 0.30 Normalized Fold Expression, in pathogen challenged tomato plants inoculated with
CBMB12 and CBMB15 strains. The results suggest that ethylene is a crucial factor in bacterial spot disease
incidence and that methylobacteria with ACC deaminase activity can reduce the disease severity with
ultimate pathogenesis-related protein increase in tomato.
Biotic stress like pathogenic infection increases ethylene biosynthesis in plants and ethylene inhibitorsare known to alleviate the severity of plant disease incidence. This study aimed to reduce the bacterialspot disease incidence in tomato plants caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (XCV) bymodulating stress ethylene with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity of Methylobacteriumstrains. Under greenhouse condition, Methylobacterium strains inoculated and pathogenchallenged tomato plants had low ethylene emission compared to pathogen infected ones. ACC accumulationand ACC oxidase (ACO) activity with ACO related gene expression increased in XCV infected tomatoplants over Methylobacterium strains inoculated plants. Among the Methylobacterium spp., CBMB12resulted lowest ACO related gene expression (1.46 Normalized Fold Expression), whereas CBMB20 hadhigh gene expression (3.42 Normalized Fold Expression) in pathogen challenged tomato. But a signifi-cant increase in ACO gene expression (7.09 Normalized Fold Expression) was observed in the bacterialpathogen infected plants. In contrast, Methylobacterium strains enhanced -1,3-glucanase and phenylalanineammonia-lyase (PAL) enzyme activities in pathogen challenged tomato plants. The respectiveincrease in -1,3-glucanase related gene expressions due to CBMB12, CBMB15, and CBMB20 strainswere 66.3, 25.5 and 10.4% higher over pathogen infected plants. Similarly, PAL gene expression was highwith 0.67 and 0.30 Normalized Fold Expression, in pathogen challenged tomato plants inoculated with
CBMB12 and CBMB15 strains. The results suggest that ethylene is a crucial factor in bacterial spot disease
incidence and that methylobacteria with ACC deaminase activity can reduce the disease severity with
ultimate pathogenesis-related protein increase in tomato.
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