the yields of products resulting from the pyrolysis of untreated and pretreated biomass are presented in fig. 1.the totai liquid,biochar,and gases produced from untreated D.fir were 51.39±1.05,17.42±2.22,and 31.13±2.38%,respectively.lt can be observed that hot water pretreatment did not cause much difference when the yields of the bio-oil,biochar,and gases are concerned.Hot water pretreatment is known to remove the ash,extractives,and alkaline metal fromthe biomass(Di Blasi et al.,2007).